HTML 4.0 Specification

1. About the HTML 4.0 Specification
   1. How the specification is organized
   2. Document conventions
      1. Elements and attributes
      2. Notes and examples
   3. Acknowledgments
   4. Copyright Notice
2. Introduction to HTML 4.0
   1. What is the World Wide Web?
      1. Introduction to URIs
      2. Fragment identifiers
      3. Relative URIs
   2. What is HTML?
      1. A brief history of HTML
   3. HTML 4.0
      1. Internationalization
      2. Accessibility
      3. Tables
      4. Compound documents
      5. Style sheets
      6. Scripting
      7. Printing
   4. Authoring documents with HTML 4.0
      1. Separate structure and presentation
      2. Consider universal accessibility to the Web
      3. Help user agents with incremental rendering
3. On SGML and HTML
   1. Introduction to SGML
   2. SGML constructs used in HTML
      1. Elements
      2. Attributes
      3. Character references
      4. Comments
   3. How to read the HTML DTD
      1. DTD Comments
      2. Parameter entity definitions
      3. Element declarations

         Content model definitions

      4. Attribute declarations

         	DTD entities in attribute definitions
         	Boolean attributes

4. Conformance: requirements and recommendations
   1. Definitions
   2. SGML
   3. The text/html content type
5. HTML Document Representation - Character sets, character encodings, and entities
   1. The Document Character Set
   2. Character encodings
      1. Choosing an encoding

         Notes on specific encodings

      2. Specifying the character encoding
   3. Character references
      1. Numeric character references
      2. Character entity references
   4. Undisplayable characters
6. Basic HTML data types - Character data, colors, lengths, URIs, content types, etc.
   1. Case information
   2. SGML basic types
   3. Text strings
   4. URIs
   5. Colors
      1. Notes on using colors
   6. Lengths
   7. Content types (MIME types)
   8. Language codes
   9. Character encodings
   10. Single characters
   11. Dates and times
   12. Link types
   13. Media descriptors
   14. Script data
   15. Style sheet data
   16. Frame target names
7. The global structure of an HTML document - The HEAD and BODY of a document
   1. Introduction to the structure of an HTML document
   2. HTML version information
   3. The HTML element
   4. The document head
      1. HEAD element
      2. The TITLE element
      3. The title attribute
      4. Meta data

         	Specifying meta data
         	The META element
         	Meta data profiles

   5. The document body
      1. The BODY element
      2. Element identifiers: the id and class attributes
      3. Block-level and inline elements
      4. Grouping elements: the DIV and SPAN elements
      5. Headings: The H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 elements
      6. The ADDRESS element
8. Language information and text direction - International considerations for text
   1. Specifying the language of content: the lang attribute
      1. Language codes
      2. Inheritance of language codes
      3. Interpretation of language codes
   2. Specifying the direction of text and tables: the dir attribute
      1. Introduction to the bidirectional algorithm
      2. Inheritance of text direction information
      3. Setting the direction of embedded text
      4. Overriding the bidirectional algorithm: the BDO element
      5. Character references for directionality and joining control
      6. The effect of style sheets on bidirectionality
9. Text - Paragraphs, Lines, and Phrases
   1. White space
   2. Structured text
      1. Phrase elements: EM, STRONG, DFN, CODE, SAMP, KBD, VAR, CITE, ABBR, and ACRONYM
      2. Quotations: The BLOCKQUOTE and Q elements

         Rendering quotations

      3. Subscripts and superscripts: the SUB and SUP elements
   3. Lines and Paragraphs
      1. Paragraphs: the P element
      2. Controlling line breaks

         	Forcing a line break: the BR element
         	Prohibiting a line break

      3. Hyphenation
      4. Preformatted text: The PRE element
      5. Visual rendering of paragraphs
   4. Marking document changes: The INS and DEL elements
10. Lists - Unordered, Ordered, and Definition Lists
    1. Introduction to lists
    2. Unordered lists (UL), ordered lists (OL), and list items (LI)
    3. Definition lists: the DL, DT, and DD elements
       1. Visual rendering of lists
    4. The DIR and MENU elements
11. Tables
    1. Introduction to tables
    2. Elements for constructing tables
       1. The TABLE element

          Table directionality

       2. Table Captions: The CAPTION element
       3. Row groups: the THEAD, TFOOT, and TBODY elements
       4. Column groups: the COLGROUP and COL elements

          	The COLGROUP element
          	The COL element
          	Calculating the number of columns in a table
          	Calculating the width of columns

       5. Table rows: The TR element
       6. Table cells: The TH and TD elements

          Cells that span several rows or columns

    3. Table formatting by visual user agents
       1. Borders and rules
       2. Horizontal and vertical alignment

          Inheritance of alignment specifications

       3. Cell margins
    4. Table rendering by non-visual user agents
       1. Associating header information with data cells
       2. Categorizing cells
       3. Algorithm to find heading information
    5. Sample table
12. Links - Hypertext and Media-Independent Links
    1. Introduction to links and anchors
       1. Visiting a linked resource
       2. Other link relationships
       3. Specifying anchors and links
       4. Link titles
       5. Internationalization and links
    2. The A element
       1. Syntax of anchor names
       2. Nested links are illegal
       3. Anchors with the id attribute
       4. Unavailable and unidentifiable resources
    3. Document relationships: the LINK element
       1. Forward and reverse links
       2. Links and external style sheets
       3. Links and search engines
    4. Path information: the BASE element
       1. Resolving relative URIs
13. Objects, Images, and Applets
    1. Introduction to objects, images, and applets
    2. Including an image: the IMG element
    3. Generic inclusion: the OBJECT element
       1. Rules for rendering objects
       2. Object initialization: the PARAM element
       3. Global naming schemes for objects
       4. Object declarations and instantiations
    4. Including an applet: the APPLET element
    5. Notes on embedded documents
    6. Image maps
       1. Client-side image maps: the MAP and AREA elements

          Client-side image map examples

       2. Server-side image maps
    7. Visual presentation of images, objects, and applets
       1. Width and height
       2. White space around images and objects
       3. Borders
       4. Alignment
    8. How to specify alternate text
14. Style Sheets - Adding style to HTML documents
    1. Introduction to style sheets
    2. Adding style to HTML
       1. Setting the default style sheet language
       2. Inline style information
       3. Header style information: the STYLE element
       4. Media types
    3. External style sheets
       1. Preferred and alternate style sheets
       2. Specifying external style sheets
    4. Cascading style sheets
       1. Media-dependent cascades
       2. Inheritance and cascading
    5. Hiding style data from user agents
    6. Linking to style sheets with HTTP headers
15. Alignment, font styles, and horizontal rules
    1. Formatting
       1. Background color
       2. Alignment
       3. Floating objects

          	Float an object
          	Float text around an object

    2. Fonts
       1. Font style elements: the TT, I, B, BIG, SMALL, STRIKE, S, and U elements
       2. Font modifier elements: FONT and BASEFONT
    3. Rules: the HR element
16. Frames - Multi-view presentation of documents
    1. Introduction to frames
    2. Layout of frames
       1. The FRAMESET element

          	Rows and columns
          	Nested frame sets
          	Sharing data among frames

       2. The FRAME element

          	Setting the initial contents of a frame
          	Visual rendering of a frame

    3. Specifying target frame information
       1. Setting the default target for links
       2. Target semantics
    4. Alternate content
       1. The NOFRAMES element
       2. Long descriptions of frames
    5. Inline frames: the IFRAME element
17. Forms - User-input Forms: Text Fields, Buttons, Menus, and more
    1. Introduction to forms
    2. Controls
       1. Control types
    3. The FORM element
    4. The INPUT element
       1. Control types created with INPUT
       2. Examples of forms containing INPUT controls
    5. The BUTTON element
    6. The SELECT, OPTGROUP, and OPTION elements
       1. Preselected options
    7. The TEXTAREA element
    8. The ISINDEX element
    9. Labels
       1. The LABEL element
    10. Adding structure to forms: the FIELDSET and LEGEND elements
    11. Giving focus to an element
        1. Tabbing navigation
        2. Access keys
    12. Disabled and read-only controls
        1. Disabled controls
        2. Read-only controls
    13. Form submission
        1. Form submission method
        2. Successful controls
        3. Processing form data

           	Step one: Identify the successful controls
           	Step two: Build a form data set
           	Step three: Encode the form data set
           	Step four: Submit the encoded form data set

        4. Form content types

           	application/x-www-form-urlencoded
           	multipart/form-data

18. Scripts - Animated Documents and Smart Forms
    1. Introduction to scripts
    2. Designing documents for user agents that support scripting
       1. The SCRIPT element
       2. Specifying the scripting language

          	The default scripting language
          	Local declaration of a scripting language
          	References to HTML elements from a script

       3. Intrinsic events
       4. Dynamic modification of documents
    3. Designing documents for user agents that don't support scripting
       1. The NOSCRIPT element
       2. Hiding script data from user agents
19. SGML reference information for HTML - Formal definition of HTML and validation
    1. document Document Validation
    2. Sample SGML catalog
20. SGML Declaration of HTML 4.0
    1. SGML Declaration
21. Document Type Definition
22. Transitional Document Type Definition
23. Frameset Document Type Definition
24. Character entity references in HTML 4.0
    1. Introduction to character entity references
    2. Character entity references for ISO 8859-1 characters
       1. The list of characters
    3. Character entity references for symbols, mathematical symbols, and Greek letters
       1. The list of characters
    4. Character entity references for markup-significant and internationalization characters
       1. The list of characters

1. Changes between HTML 3.2 and HTML 4.0
   1. Changes to elements
      1. New elements
      2. Deprecated elements
      3. Obsolete elements
   2. Changes to attributes
   3. Changes for accessibility
   4. Changes for meta data
   5. Changes for text
   6. Changes for links
   7. Changes for tables
   8. Changes for images, objects, and image maps
   9. Changes for forms
   10. Changes for style sheets
   11. Changes for frames
   12. Changes for scripting
   13. Changes for internationalization
2. Performance, Implementation, and Design Notes
   1. Notes on invalid documents
   2. Special characters in URI attribute values
      1. Non-ASCII characters in URI attribute values
      2. Ampersands in URI attribute values
   3. SGML implementation notes
      1. Line breaks
      2. Specifying non-HTML data

         	Element content
         	Attribute values

      3. SGML features with limited support
      4. Boolean attributes
      5. Marked Sections
      6. Processing Instructions
      7. Shorthand markup
   4. Notes on helping search engines index your Web site
      1. Search robots

         	The robots.txt file
         	Robots and the META element

   5. Notes on tables
      1. Design rationale

         	Dynamic reformatting
         	Incremental display
         	Structure and presentation
         	Row and column groups
         	Accessibility

      2. Recommended Layout Algorithms

         	Fixed Layout Algorithm
         	Autolayout Algorithm

   6. Notes on forms
      1. Incremental display
      2. Future projects
   7. Notes on scripting
      1. Reserved syntax for future script macros

         Current Practice for Script Macros

   8. Notes on frames
   9. Notes on accessibility
   10. Notes on security
       1. Security issues for forms

	References Normative references Informative references
	Index of Elements
	Index of Attributes
	Index

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